Effects Based Alternative Knowledge Management system in Joint Military Strategies of the Norwegian Force

Norwegian armed force conduct military operations within Norway and outside. While conducting joint operations as a part of International treaties, Norwegian armed force follows a strategy of collecting information, process, and sharing the same effectively for the success of the military operation. Traditionally, the force was using a knowledge management strategy called ‘Centre of Gravity’ (COG) in planning and executing joint military operations.  Unlike the traditional military operations, the modern conflict involves several complexities like state or non-state operators and it is always not desirable to rely on the center of gravity knowledge management system. It is always desirable to develop alternative strategies to get prepared for any eventualities using effect based knowledge management strategies.

The Role of Malaysian Leaders in Nation Building Process (1957-2003)

Generally, this paper discusses Malaysia’s nation building process that includes the changing of national understanding from Sultanate perspective towards democratic nation. In 1957, Malaya achieved its independence.

Ethnic Malays through United Malays National Organization (UMNO), ethnic Chinese through Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and ethnic Indian through Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) are the major political parties, which at that time maintained separate identities, based on ethnicity. However, they had to compromise and unify for independence. This paper will also touch on the factors, which influenced the process of nation building, especially internal and external factors. The role of several important leaders, especially former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed, their policies and actions to develop and establish Malaysia’s nation building process, is discussed.

Download PDF

Small Is Democratic, But Who Is Small?

Research on democratic government suggests that small states are more likely to be democratic than large states. Indeed, an abundance of findings support this belief: state size is a more useful category than degree of development or geographic location for understanding the prerequisites for democracy, a large majority of micro states are democracies compared to a much smaller portion of larger countries, there is a significant correlation between small island states and democracy, with a decrease in the size of the political unit, the likelihood of durable freedom and democracy increases. 

Domestic Resources Mobilization’ to Meet the Developmental Challenges of Ethiopia

Nations in the African continent are worst affected by drought and famine and depends heavily on foreign aid for meeting the hunger and poverty. In recent years, there is a steady decline in the foreign aid and the nations are forced to evolve alternative strategies.Ethiopia is one of the poorest African nations in terms of per capita income and GDP growth has initiated a novel project called ‘Domestic Resources Mobilization’. This project identified the rich water sources within the country and tried to mobilize them to the areas where it is mostly needed. Ethiopia could meet its agricultural and domestic needs and could meet its nutritional needs against declining foreign aid.

Download PDF