Effects Based Alternative Knowledge Management system in Joint Military Strategies of the Norwegian Force

Norwegian armed force conduct military operations within Norway and outside. While conducting joint operations as a part of International treaties, Norwegian armed force follows a strategy of collecting information, process, and sharing the same effectively for the success of the military operation. Traditionally, the force was using a knowledge management strategy called ‘Centre of Gravity’ (COG) in planning and executing joint military operations.  Unlike the traditional military operations, the modern conflict involves several complexities like state or non-state operators and it is always not desirable to rely on the center of gravity knowledge management system. It is always desirable to develop alternative strategies to get prepared for any eventualities using effect based knowledge management strategies.

Promotion of Mediation in the New Century through Legislation

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) developed very quickly in the last century. With litigation being viewed as expensive and lengthy, ADR is known for its low cost, efficiency, flexibility and user-friendliness. Various forms of ADR have been developed to accommodate different types of disputes. The Chinese culture attaches great importance to the application of mediation to resolve disputes; however, mediation has also been widely used by other countries. Entering the new century, we have witnessed another round of wave for the promotion of mediation for various types of disputes. People are starting to seriously consider the means to promote mediation in the society.

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Some Factors That Hinder Women Participation in Social, Political and Economic Activities in Tanzania

The reality of the women of southern Africa, including Tanzania, is that they remain a vulnerable marginalized group that is yet to enjoy equality in status and access to services and resources with their counterparts. Women are found at the “bottom rung of poverty, of illiteracy, of landlessness” and are concentrated in rural areas where facilities and services are scarce.

Women are the most affected by negative impacts of economic adjustment programmes. Cuts in social expenditure such as in health and education mostly affect women and girls who are victims of the worst forms of violence. The customary laws have given men more power and control over resources and decision-making processes, hence making the system both patriarchal and undemocratic. This has led to widely differing access to resources and decision-making processes, which is partly the reason why women’s socio-economic and political status remain low.

Disappointing Doctrine

With the much-anticipated August 2011 release of Joint Publication, 5-0, Joint Planning, our hopes for greater clarity regarding “design” were immediately dashed. This latest iteration of JP 5-0 confuses rather than simplifies how design should be embraced by planners. As envisioned by political scientists such as Herbert Simon, design offers an approach for addressing ill-structured problems— those that cannot be successfully resolved using traditional linear, analytical approaches like that offered by the methodology of the U.S. military’s Joint Operation Planning Process (JOPP).

Unraveling ill-structured problems is perplexing because by their nature such problems are interactively complex and often have incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements; attempts to solve them often reveal or create other, even more challenging complications 1. Horst Rittel and Melvin Webber, urban planners at the University of California at Berkeley in the 1970s, wrote about such problems in a 1973 article, “Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning,” observing that there was a whole realm of problems that could not be successfully treated with traditional linear approaches.

Is Systematic Neuropathological Examination of the Whole Brain Ethically and Scientifically Licit in Forensic Context?

To date, the whole brain is classically freshly examined during the autopsy, and can be removed in entirety in order to perform a complementary neuropathological examination. Is-it legitimate to bury a corpse without the brain – this symbolic organ – in order to satisfy the physician’s curiosity and/or the scientific necessity? Indeed, brain is an organ with a strong symbolic signification.

In order to estimate the accuracy of such post-mortem neuropathological examination of the whole brain, a brief survey was carried out in the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine of the R. Poincaré University Hospital (West Paris, France) between 2009 and 2011. On a total of 32 brains (=13.4%) removed on a total of 238 autopsies of adult individuals (in a good state of preservation, without exteriorization of the intracranial structures) and get full analysis by a neuropathologist, the final diagnostic of the cause of death given at the end of the autopsy was never changed.

New Media: A Potential Mechanism to Exacerbate Health-Related Disparities

The way Americans get their news and information is changing. Newspaper newsrooms are approximately 30% smaller than in 2000, network news suffered its sixth consecutive year of declines in viewership, and for the first time in 12 years, the audience for cable news fell substantially. As these declines occur, web-based news reading and information gathering has significantly increased. According to 2011 data from the Pew Internet and American Life Project, roughly 78% of American adults are now using the internet, up from 14% in 1995. Of these, 76% say they use the internet to read the news, and 83% to search for health and medical-related information.

Despite overall increases in internet use, there are still those that lag behind in adoption, namely non-Hispanic blacks and those with lower income and educational attainment. While some reports suggest that this so-called ‘digital divide’ may be narrowing over time with the increasing adoption of mobile devices and access to broadband, others have suggested otherwise. Even if all groups were assured equal access to technology, the ability to derive equal benefit from its resources may still persist.

Improving Patient Care, Medical Education, and Biomedical Research in the United States: The Role of Social Media

The healthcare system is one of the largest and most important multinational enterprises in the United States. Healthcare service is comprised of three essential activities including patient-care, education, and research. In 2008, over 14 million residents in the United States were employed in the healthcare field, excluding related industries such as insurance and pharmaceutical companies.

The United States spends roughly $8,000 per person, per year on healthcare (a growing figure), which is 51% more than the nation with the next largest expenditure. A significant amount of this spending is on health research activities (e.g. National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Although this spending is a noteworthy share of the Nation’s Gross Domestic Product, it can be valuable if products are produced that can put this money back into the system. The development of new knowledge and products via healthcare research activities is one viable method of replacing this capital.

The Performance of Agricultural Cooperative Societies under the National Programme on Food Security in Enugu State, Nigeria

National programme on Food Security (NPFS) is a special programme introduced by the Federal government of Nigeria on agricultural activities in order to increase food production in the country. This study is therefore an appraisal of the performance of agricultural cooperative in the National food security programme. The study was carried out in Aniri Local Government Area of Enugu State. The specific objective of the study are to ascertain the socio-economic characteristics of farmers; identify the services available to farmers in the NPFS; determine the extent agricultural services are accessible in the NPFS, appraise the effect of using agricultural cooperative societies in the implementation of NPFS as well as examine the challenges.

Index Factors for Assessing the Scientific Journal Validity, It's Articles and Their Authors

The transition from the 20th to the 21st century was one of the most dynamic periods in the history of science and scientific journals. Numerous articles are almost entirely prepared in electronic form, so the creation of many databases with full texts become relatively easy problem to solve. A large number of the journals appeared in form of open access in electronic form available for end users - readers. But often the question raises about the value of these scientific journals with journals that are still available and already present on a commercial basis. In particular, this applies to journals within medicine, where reliability and quality, or the credibility of the information itself is of great importance for science itself.

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Harmonisation of Private International Law - Is It Possible At All?

The European Union (EU) entered a new stage in the process of reducing the deficit of democratic legitimation of its politics. April 1st marks the start of the European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI). The ECI is new instrument for EU citizens to participate directly in influencing the development and setting of European law.

The Lisbon Treaty of December 2009 brought about major changes in the architecture of the EU e.g. concerning competences of and decision-making by the European Council, the Council of Ministers, the European Commission and the European Parliament. A further innovation the Lisbon treaty brought about is the ECI. Its legal basis is Article 11: “Not less than one million citizens who are nationals of a significant number of Member States may take the initiative of inviting the European Commission, within the framework of its powers, to submit any appropriate proposal on matters where citizens consider that a legal act of the Union is required for the purpose of implementing the Treaties”.

The Role of Malaysian Leaders in Nation Building Process (1957-2003)

Generally, this paper discusses Malaysia’s nation building process that includes the changing of national understanding from Sultanate perspective towards democratic nation. In 1957, Malaya achieved its independence.

Ethnic Malays through United Malays National Organization (UMNO), ethnic Chinese through Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and ethnic Indian through Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) are the major political parties, which at that time maintained separate identities, based on ethnicity. However, they had to compromise and unify for independence. This paper will also touch on the factors, which influenced the process of nation building, especially internal and external factors. The role of several important leaders, especially former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed, their policies and actions to develop and establish Malaysia’s nation building process, is discussed.

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Re-entry of Expatriate and Multinational Development

The concentrated on the management, and support of international assignments, this research deals with what could be called the post-assignment stage. Re-entry, though, raises issues for both the expatriate and the multinational, some of which may be connected to events that occurred during the international assignment. We treat this stage as part of the international assignment. We examine the process of re-entry or repatriation, job-related issues, social factors including family factors that affect reentry and work adjustment, multinational responses to repatriate concerns, return on investment (ROI), and designing a repatriation program.

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Selected Perspective Methods of Research of Barrier materials Resistance against Permeability of under interest Toxic Substances

Determination of resistance materials protection properties used for Armed Forces Chemical Corps (CCs) and any other Rescue Brigades specialists individual protection forms basic demands for their evaluation and possibilities of improvement within a respect of a reduced amount of financial resources which are detached into a nations Ministries of Defence budget.

A paper deals with selected methods used for study of the resistance against toxic compounds permeation within the Czech Armed Forces and marks possible trends of individual protection branch development with the application based on QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance) detection. Is this method suitable for testing of barrier properties of materials used in Individual protection or we can rely on the standard methods working on chemical detection principle?

“ Pharma patienthood ” : The Patient Constructed in Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising

Over the last 15 years there has been a large body of research and considerable public debate on direct to-consumer (DTC) advertising for prescription pharmaceuticals. Concerns include the accuracy, fairness, consequences, and gender messages of these advertisements. Less attention has been paid to the role of DTC advertisement in the social construction of patienthood in American society.

Based on a content analysis of a sample of 40 broadcast DTC ads, this paper addresses two questions: What is a patient as constructed through this communication channel? What are the messages about what how patients should feel and act embedded in DTC advertising? In short, we seek to understand what might be called the construction of pharma patienthood. Moreover, we argue that the scripting of patienthood in DTC pharmaceutical advertising forms part of a discourse regime that can be read as containing meanings, communicated through sights and sounds, that produce a subject, namely the modern patient.

Mass Communication and Journalism

The changing media landscape was the result of the transformation of media technology led to the so called” media morphosis”. Media morphosis is the normal transformation of communication media from the traditional media, such as the print media and electronic media to the nontraditional media, such as the computer, the direct to home satellite, cable TV, WWW web, and the social media, which sometimes identified with Web 2.0 such as wikis, podcasts, blogs, and the Internet forums or discussion boards. The social media do not actually arise spontaneously and independently, but they have emerged gradually from the metamorphosis of older media. The new electronic communication media will offer possibilities for greater change in society.

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Urinary Continence and Sexual Functioning (Risk Factors and Prevention for Disorders of Sexual Intercourse in Persons with UI)

Researchers often state that urinary incontinence (UI) has unfavorable consequences for the sexual functioning of persons who are affected by this disorder. Is this in fact the case? What decides whether the sexual life of persons with UI will deteriorate - or improve? Could it have something to do with UI during intercourse itself?

From the research available to date it can be inferred that while UI can indeed affect the sexual functioning of partners, still, UI is not the only factor, nor is it the only important factor, affecting the evaluation of the quality of sexual life. This has been confirmed by some of the earlier research performed by our team, which indicated that UI in women can affect marital functioning, especially sexual relations, which is manifested inter alia by earlier withdrawal from sexual activity, especially in women for whom this aspect of life is of less importance, or by a change in the strategy for coping with UI during intercourse.

The Effect of Poor Implementation of Tax Policies on Developing Economies. A study of Nigerian Economy, (1999-2010)

A tax policy represents key resource allocator between the public and private sectors in a country. It is usually imposed on individuals and entity that make up a country. The funds provided by tax are used by the states to support certain state obligations such as education systems, health care systems, pensions for the elderly, unemployment benefits, and public transportation.

A nation’s tax system is often a reflection of its communal values or the values of those in power. To create a system of taxation, a nation must make choices regarding the distribution of the tax burden, who will pay taxes, how much they will pay and how the taxes collected will be spent. In Nigeria, the taxation system dates back to 1904 when the personal income tax was introduced in Northern Nigeria before the unification of the country by the colonial masters. It was later implemented through the Native Revenue Ordinances to the western and Eastern regions in 1917 and 1928, respectively.