Assess the advantages and disadvantages of Wild and Cultured Fish

Socio economic circumstances divide the fishing as natural and cultured occupation. While the naturally available fishes in the water bodies are termed as ‘wild fish’, fishes cultivated under the controlled atmosphere are called ‘Cultured’ fishes. While the wild fishes emphasizes good taste, and highly nutritious for the human body. However, human intervention contaminates the nature, leading to pollution. Cultured fish is processed one, farmed for the import and export purposes. Commercial and economic purposes determine the quality of the fish here, which is termed as hygienic and nutritious. While the wild fish is closely associated with social activities, cultured fish is in the hands of commercial elements and highlights the economic aspects of fish farming.

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Is Systematic Neuropathological Examination of the Whole Brain Ethically and Scientifically Licit in Forensic Context?

To date, the whole brain is classically freshly examined during the autopsy, and can be removed in entirety in order to perform a complementary neuropathological examination. Is-it legitimate to bury a corpse without the brain – this symbolic organ – in order to satisfy the physician’s curiosity and/or the scientific necessity? Indeed, brain is an organ with a strong symbolic signification.

In order to estimate the accuracy of such post-mortem neuropathological examination of the whole brain, a brief survey was carried out in the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine of the R. Poincaré University Hospital (West Paris, France) between 2009 and 2011. On a total of 32 brains (=13.4%) removed on a total of 238 autopsies of adult individuals (in a good state of preservation, without exteriorization of the intracranial structures) and get full analysis by a neuropathologist, the final diagnostic of the cause of death given at the end of the autopsy was never changed.

“ Pharma patienthood ” : The Patient Constructed in Direct-to-Consumer Drug Advertising

Over the last 15 years there has been a large body of research and considerable public debate on direct to-consumer (DTC) advertising for prescription pharmaceuticals. Concerns include the accuracy, fairness, consequences, and gender messages of these advertisements. Less attention has been paid to the role of DTC advertisement in the social construction of patienthood in American society.

Based on a content analysis of a sample of 40 broadcast DTC ads, this paper addresses two questions: What is a patient as constructed through this communication channel? What are the messages about what how patients should feel and act embedded in DTC advertising? In short, we seek to understand what might be called the construction of pharma patienthood. Moreover, we argue that the scripting of patienthood in DTC pharmaceutical advertising forms part of a discourse regime that can be read as containing meanings, communicated through sights and sounds, that produce a subject, namely the modern patient.

Socioeconomic and Cultural Influences on the Prevalence of Obesity and Underweight

With great pleasure, I welcome you to the inaugural issue of new peer-reviewed, scientific publication—Antropology. How we can read on Home Page of the journal “Anthropology is the study of humankind and the behaviour of humans according to the diversity of societies from the origin to the present day. Anthropology explains both biological and sociocultural aspects of humans and related species like primates throughout the evolutionary period.”

With great pleasure, I welcome you to the inaugural issue of new peer-reviewed, scientific publication—Antropology. How we can read on Home Page of the journal “Anthropology is the study of humankind and the behaviour of humans according to the diversity of societies from the origin to the present day. Anthropology explains both biological and sociocultural aspects of humans and related species like primates throughout the evolutionary period.”

Manifesto on an Interdisciplinary Reflection about Autopsy and Human Remains

This paper reports the potential of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight (MALDI-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of lipids of dairy interest, i.e., glycerophospholipids (Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylinositol), sphingolipids (Sphingomyelin) and glycerolipids (Triacylglycerols, Diacylglycerols), respectively. The matrix used was 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), together with cationizing agents such as sodium and lithium salt that enhanced fragmentation of most lipid classes. 

The alkaline adducts obtained helped to define in a fast way the polar head groups of different glycerophospholipid classes and provided information about the constituent fatty acid residues. Moreover, information about the position (sn-1, and -2) of the fatty acid residue on the glycerol backbone was obtained. Besides, lithium ion adducts appeared to be the most informative for the structural characterization of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids and sphingolipids. The present approach proved then to be a convenient, fast and informative way for lipid analysis.

The Motto behind the Tattoo

Why do people on the earth inject Ink on their skin? What is the motto behind the tattoos? Traditionally, tattoos were meant to demarcate people of lower social structure across the cultures. In the modern times,tattoos have emerged above the class, gender and social structures and people, particularly youngsters across continents are expressing their identities through tattooing. Factors ranging from art, individuality, spirituality, memories to affection, fashion, scar hiding, idealizing someone and social media are encouraging people to turn to tattoos.

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Manifesto on an Interdisciplinary Reflection about Autopsy and Human Remains

This paper reports the potential of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight (MALDI-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the analysis of lipids of dairy interest, i.e., glycerophospholipids (Phosphatidylcholine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylinositol), sphingolipids (Sphingomyelin) and glycerolipids (Triacylglycerols, Diacylglycerols), respectively. The matrix used was 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), together with cationizing agents such as sodium and lithium salt that enhanced fragmentation of most lipid classes. 

The alkaline adducts obtained helped to define in a fast way the polar head groups of different glycerophospholipid classes and provided information about the constituent fatty acid residues. Moreover, information about the position (sn-1, and -2) of the fatty acid residue on the glycerol backbone was obtained. Besides, lithium ion adducts appeared to be the most informative for the structural characterization of glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids and sphingolipids. The present approach proved then to be a convenient, fast and informative way for lipid analysis.

Some thoughts concerning Language as a Scientific Topic

Language is about the most important topic when it comes to understanding humans and the history of our species. This is a very active scientific field in many dimensions. I think it is of utmost importance, to keep the scope of thinking wide-open because many important issues are not fully covered yet.

When trying to understand the nature of human thinking, for me it is very important to capture its dual mode of operation. On the one side,we operate within the potential of a powerful neural network, as do most other highly developed species. At the same time, we have available something like digital computer-like machinery in our brain, which makes humans superior to all other animals. To me, this “machinery” seems to be an emulation of a digital system on our biological neural networks. This emulation process is possible and quite good understood.

Cultural Nationalism in India

The concept of Nationalism is linked to the idea of sovereignty and hence; it has to be associated to the principle of self-determination. In the 19th century, John Stuart Mill argued that nationalist movements were dependent on ethnicity, language and culture. These were the basis of the demand for statehood. While this stood true for most nationalistic movements, Hurst Hanum of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy remarked that in this era, the notion of self-determination was used by groups to divide rather than unify territory. The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire can be used as an example.

It was at the peak of colonialism in the mid-19th century that the colonised world witnessed the rise in nationalistic sentiments with the emphasis on the idea of a common language, religion, ethnicity etc. While the western idea of nationalism aims to set up a uni-nation, uni-culture dictum, nationalism operates on different principles in a multi-national, pluralist context (for the purpose of this paper, the term pluralist and multi-nationalist will be used interchangeably). Nationalism had a dual role to play in the last century through the many nationalistic upheavals leading to decolonization of most of Latin America, Africa and Asia. 

The Anthropology of Uncertainty: Magic, Witchcraft and Risk and Forensic Implications

This paper examines the Anthropology of Uncertainty. After a discussion of what constitutes uncertainty I examine various ways of dealing with this in non-western cultures: witchcraft, magic and religion. I then moveonto a discussion of contemporary aspects of risk in Western societies. I discuss its historical emergence and the relationship between risk, sin and taboo. Witchcraft, religion and risk all provide explanatory framework for misfortune. Witchcraft also involves issues of accountability. This is similarly the case for risk. Both witchcraft and risk have forensic implications. I illustrate this by the work of Mary Douglas.

All societies have to cope with uncertainty, the fact that the future is unpredictable, and to account for past misfortunes. Anthropological theory has generally privileged the regularities of everyday life, paying less attention to irregular events that disrupt the social order. Uncertainty and irregularity run closely together. Cooper and Pratten assert that uncertainty exists in a complex semantic field, associated with a family of concepts including insecurity, indeterminacy, risk, ambiguity, ambivalence and obscurity mixed with confusion; chance possibility.

From Anorexia Nervosa to Anemia

Anorexia nervosa has been a matter of concern in the Western society for decades. Sometimes people talk about anorexia as a deeply perplexing illness and health experts acknowledge that it is a disorder of a very difficult treatment. Although, in addition to the biological andpsychological dimension, people also speak about social factors as possible explanations of the disorder, the fact is that social explanations are generally treated in a very superficial manner. 

The main thesis of this article is that we can hardly achieve a good understanding of anorexia nervosa without soundly taking into consideration its social and cultural foundations. They areprecisely the ones that make many of those who suffer from it understand theeating disorder not as a disease but also as a lifestyle. 

Thus, it can be of interest to put into contrast that conventional perspective, which conceptualizes anorexia as a disease, as an irrational behavior understood within the old mind/body dichotomy and centered on the individual patient with a view more focused on the social and cultural dimensions. 

Cultural Ethnocentrism in India

The concept of Nationalism is linked to the idea of sovereignty and hence; it has to be associated to the principle of self-determination. In the 19th century, John Stuart Mill argued that nationalist movements were dependent on ethnicity, language and culture. These were the basis of the demand for statehood. 

While this stood true for most nationalistic movements, Hurst Hanum of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy remarked that in this era, the notion of selfdetermination was used by groups to divide rather than unify territory . The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire can be used as an example.

Nationalism is linked to the idea of sovereignty and hence; it has to be associated to the principle of self-determination. In the 19th century, John Stuart Mill argued that nationalist movements were dependent on ethnicity, language and culture. These were the basis of the demand for statehood. While this stood true for most nationalistic movements, Hurst Hanum of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy remarked that in this era, the notion of self-determination was used by groups to divide rather than unify territory. The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire can be used as an example. It was at the peak of colonialism in the mid-19th century that the colonised world witnessed the rise in nationalistic sentiments with the emphasis on the idea of a common language, religion, ethnicity etc.

Business Anthropology and its Introductory Statistics

Introductory statistics courses in bachelor’s degree programs in higher education are often challenging to both teachers and learners. In 2012 our institution launched a bachelor’s degree program in Market and Management Anthropology (MMA), a field of study in which qualitative research plays a vital role. 

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Quantitative methods are regarded as a supplement to the armada of anthropological tools such as participant observation or informal and structured interviews. This makes the design and conduct of an introductory course in statistics even more challenging. In this paper I discuss the curriculum, the lecturing, the exercises and software used, and the assessment form for this new target group of students. 

Despite the qualitative nature ofthe bachelor’s degree program in MMA, a basic understanding of what statisticscan (and cannot) do is essential. The curriculum turned out to be almost the same as that for any other introductory course in statistics, say, one for economics students. However, a stronger focus on nonparametric techniques is meaningful.