Effects Based Alternative Knowledge Management system in Joint Military Strategies of the Norwegian Force

Norwegian armed force conduct military operations within Norway and outside. While conducting joint operations as a part of International treaties, Norwegian armed force follows a strategy of collecting information, process, and sharing the same effectively for the success of the military operation. Traditionally, the force was using a knowledge management strategy called ‘Centre of Gravity’ (COG) in planning and executing joint military operations.  Unlike the traditional military operations, the modern conflict involves several complexities like state or non-state operators and it is always not desirable to rely on the center of gravity knowledge management system. It is always desirable to develop alternative strategies to get prepared for any eventualities using effect based knowledge management strategies.

Promotion of Mediation in the New Century through Legislation

Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) developed very quickly in the last century. With litigation being viewed as expensive and lengthy, ADR is known for its low cost, efficiency, flexibility and user-friendliness. Various forms of ADR have been developed to accommodate different types of disputes. The Chinese culture attaches great importance to the application of mediation to resolve disputes; however, mediation has also been widely used by other countries. Entering the new century, we have witnessed another round of wave for the promotion of mediation for various types of disputes. People are starting to seriously consider the means to promote mediation in the society.

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Some Factors That Hinder Women Participation in Social, Political and Economic Activities in Tanzania

The reality of the women of southern Africa, including Tanzania, is that they remain a vulnerable marginalized group that is yet to enjoy equality in status and access to services and resources with their counterparts. Women are found at the “bottom rung of poverty, of illiteracy, of landlessness” and are concentrated in rural areas where facilities and services are scarce.

Women are the most affected by negative impacts of economic adjustment programmes. Cuts in social expenditure such as in health and education mostly affect women and girls who are victims of the worst forms of violence. The customary laws have given men more power and control over resources and decision-making processes, hence making the system both patriarchal and undemocratic. This has led to widely differing access to resources and decision-making processes, which is partly the reason why women’s socio-economic and political status remain low.

Disappointing Doctrine

With the much-anticipated August 2011 release of Joint Publication, 5-0, Joint Planning, our hopes for greater clarity regarding “design” were immediately dashed. This latest iteration of JP 5-0 confuses rather than simplifies how design should be embraced by planners. As envisioned by political scientists such as Herbert Simon, design offers an approach for addressing ill-structured problems— those that cannot be successfully resolved using traditional linear, analytical approaches like that offered by the methodology of the U.S. military’s Joint Operation Planning Process (JOPP).

Unraveling ill-structured problems is perplexing because by their nature such problems are interactively complex and often have incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements; attempts to solve them often reveal or create other, even more challenging complications 1. Horst Rittel and Melvin Webber, urban planners at the University of California at Berkeley in the 1970s, wrote about such problems in a 1973 article, “Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning,” observing that there was a whole realm of problems that could not be successfully treated with traditional linear approaches.

Is Systematic Neuropathological Examination of the Whole Brain Ethically and Scientifically Licit in Forensic Context?

To date, the whole brain is classically freshly examined during the autopsy, and can be removed in entirety in order to perform a complementary neuropathological examination. Is-it legitimate to bury a corpse without the brain – this symbolic organ – in order to satisfy the physician’s curiosity and/or the scientific necessity? Indeed, brain is an organ with a strong symbolic signification.

In order to estimate the accuracy of such post-mortem neuropathological examination of the whole brain, a brief survey was carried out in the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine of the R. Poincaré University Hospital (West Paris, France) between 2009 and 2011. On a total of 32 brains (=13.4%) removed on a total of 238 autopsies of adult individuals (in a good state of preservation, without exteriorization of the intracranial structures) and get full analysis by a neuropathologist, the final diagnostic of the cause of death given at the end of the autopsy was never changed.

New Media: A Potential Mechanism to Exacerbate Health-Related Disparities

The way Americans get their news and information is changing. Newspaper newsrooms are approximately 30% smaller than in 2000, network news suffered its sixth consecutive year of declines in viewership, and for the first time in 12 years, the audience for cable news fell substantially. As these declines occur, web-based news reading and information gathering has significantly increased. According to 2011 data from the Pew Internet and American Life Project, roughly 78% of American adults are now using the internet, up from 14% in 1995. Of these, 76% say they use the internet to read the news, and 83% to search for health and medical-related information.

Despite overall increases in internet use, there are still those that lag behind in adoption, namely non-Hispanic blacks and those with lower income and educational attainment. While some reports suggest that this so-called ‘digital divide’ may be narrowing over time with the increasing adoption of mobile devices and access to broadband, others have suggested otherwise. Even if all groups were assured equal access to technology, the ability to derive equal benefit from its resources may still persist.

Improving Patient Care, Medical Education, and Biomedical Research in the United States: The Role of Social Media

The healthcare system is one of the largest and most important multinational enterprises in the United States. Healthcare service is comprised of three essential activities including patient-care, education, and research. In 2008, over 14 million residents in the United States were employed in the healthcare field, excluding related industries such as insurance and pharmaceutical companies.

The United States spends roughly $8,000 per person, per year on healthcare (a growing figure), which is 51% more than the nation with the next largest expenditure. A significant amount of this spending is on health research activities (e.g. National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Although this spending is a noteworthy share of the Nation’s Gross Domestic Product, it can be valuable if products are produced that can put this money back into the system. The development of new knowledge and products via healthcare research activities is one viable method of replacing this capital.